German ambivalence to genetic engineering

Genetic engineering compared to natural genetic variations.

By comparing strategies of genetic alterations introduced in genetic engineering with spontaneously occurring genetic variation, we have come to conclude that both processes depend on several distinct and specific molecular mechanisms. These mechanisms can be attributed, with regard to their evolutionary impact, to three different strategies of genetic variation. These are local nucleotide sequ...

A Genetic Engineering Approach to Genetic Algorithms

We present an extension to the standard genetic algorithm (GA), which is based on concepts of genetic engineering. The motivation is to discover useful and harmful genetic materials and then execute an evolutionary process in such a way that the population becomes increasingly composed of useful genetic material and increasingly free of the harmful genetic material. Compared to the standard GA,...

An Introduction to Genetic Engineering

and the pharmaceutical implications are vast: for example, the development of a widely used type of antihypertensive agent, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, derived from snake venom research. Grenard is to be commended on his succinct thoroughness and attention to detail. Every organism is identified by its common and taxonomic name. Facts are quantitative rather than qualitative where...

An Introduction to Genetic Engineering

Using Genetic Algorithm to Robust Multi Objective Optimization of Maintenance Scheduling Considering Engineering Insurance

Efficient and on-time maintenance plays a crucial role inreducing cost and increasing the market share of an industrial unit. Preventivemaintenance is a broad term that encompasses a set of activitiesaimed at improving the overall reliability and availability of a systembefore machinery breakdown. The previous studies have addressed thescheduling of preventive maintenance. These studies have co...